• Contents
• Welcome to Citavi 7!
  • What is Citavi?
  • What's new in Citavi 7?
• Installing Citavi
  • Installing Citavi
    • System Requirements
    • Installing on a PC
    • Installing the Pickers
    • Updating Citavi on a PC
    • Installing on a Mac
    • Repairing the installation
    • Uninstalling Citavi
    • Moving to a New Computer
    • Information for System Adminstrators
      • Using the MSI Assistant
      • Using a License Key File
      • Configuring the Firewall
      • Using Command Line Commands
      • Installing Add-Ons
      • Installing on a Terminal Server
  • Licensing Citavi
    • Overview of License Types
      • Citavi for Windows
      • Citavi Web
      • What is Citavi for DBServer?
    • Using a License
• Getting Started
  • Citavi at a Glance
  • A Tour of Citavi
  • Your Citavi Account 
    • Creating an Account
    • Site license
    • Using an Organizational Site License
    • Purchasing Licenses
  • Starting Projects
    • Creating a Local Project
    • Creating a Cloud Project
    • Creating a Server Project
  • Adding References
    • Adding a Book by Hand
    • Adding a Contribution in an Edited Book
    • Tips for Names of Persons
    • Adding a Book by ISBN Number
    • Adding Multiple Books by ISBN Number
    • Selecting Catalogs for ISBN Download
    • Importing PDF Files
    • Linking a File to a Reference
    • Moving or Copying References
  • Managing Lists
    • Correcting author names in all caps
    • Deleting unused items
    • Merging spelling variations
    • Adding abbreviations
    • Entering Author Genders
  • Searching for sources
    • Searching from within Citavi
      • Searching Library Catalogs with Citavi
      • Searching Research Databases with Citavi
    • Searching Online
      • Importing Results from Online Databases
      • Importing Search Results with the Picker
      • Importing Cited References
    • Searching with the Citavi Pickers
      • Adding a Webpage with the Citavi Picker
      • Adding a PDF File with the Picker
      • Adding Newspaper Articles with the Picker
      • Adding Books by ISBN with the Picker
  • Planning Your Work
    • Assigning Tasks
      • Planning Tasks
      • Printing a Task List
    • Obtaining a Copy
      • Selecting Catalogs for Location Searches
      • Finding Library Locations
      • Finding Full-Text Articles
  • Organizing Knowledge
    • Describing
      • Applying keywords
      • Adding Abstracts and Tables of Contents
      • Evaluating a Reference
      • Adding Notes
      • Documenting Relationships
    • Excerpting in detail
      • Annotating PDF Files
      • Copying Quotations from Webpages
      • Adding Quotations by Hand
      • Adding Image Quotations
    • Systematizing and Structuring
      • Creating a Category System
      • Organizing References by Category
      • Sorting Quotations and Thoughts
      • Creating a Compilation
  • Creating Publications
    • Creating a Project Bibliography
      • Making a Selection
      • Creating a Simple Project Bibliography
      • Creating a Grouped Project Bibliography
      • Creating a Grouped Project Bibliography
      • Changing Citation Styles
    • Creating Publications
      • Creating a Publication with Word
      • Creating a Publication with LaTeX
  • Navigating and Searching
    • Navigating
    • Quick Search
    • Advanced Search within a Project
  • Managing Projects
    • Rename a project
    • Backing Up Your Projects
    • Deleting projects
    • Restoring a Project from a Backup
• Citavi in Detail
  • Introduction
  • Using Citavi Cloud
    • Creating a New Cloud Project
    • Saving a Local Project in the Cloud
    • Saving a DBServer Project in the Cloud
    • Inviting Team Members
    • Accepting a Project Invitation
    • Assign roles
    • Removing Editing Privileges
    • Chatting with other Team Members
    • Adding Attachments
    • Working Offline
    • Downloading Attachments
    • Deleting Cloud Projects
    • Saving a Cloud Project as a Local Project
    • Checking the Full-Text Extraction
    • Understanding Background Tasks
    • What is Fair Use?
  • Adding References
    • Adding References Automatically
      • Adding Books by ISBN
      • Scanning ISBN Numbers
      • Searching for Articles by Identifier
    • Adding References Manually
      • Setting Favorite Reference Types
      • Adding a New Reference by Hand
      • Reference Types in Citavi
      • Changing Reference Types
      • Short Titles, Citations, and Citation Keys
      • Duplicating a Reference
      • Adding Translated References
      • Tips for Names of Persons
        • Multiple Last Names
        • Prefixes
        • Exceptions
        • Pseudonyms
        • Academic Titles or Titles of Nobility
        • Defining the "Sort By" Name
      • Entering Author Genders
        • Changing the Gender of an Author
        • Adding to the First Name Database
      • Entering Special Characters
    • Special Reference Types
      • Festschrifts
      • Collected Essays
      • Journal Issues
      • Loose-Leaf Collections
      • Reports
      • Encyclopedia entries
      • Multivolume Works
      • Exhibition Catalogs
  • Importing References
    • Importing from Other Reference Management Programs
      • Importing from EndNote
      • Importing from Mendeley
      • Importing from NVivo
      • Importing from Reference Manager
      • Importing from RefWorks
      • Importing from Word's reference manager
      • Importing from Zotero
    • Importing From a File
      • Importing a BibTeX File
      • Importing a RIS File
      • Importing an EndNote Tagged File
      • Importing Other Formats
      • Importing an Excel, Calc or CSV file
      • Importing a Formatted Bibliography
    • Importing from Online Databases
      • Importing from EBSCO databases
      • Importing from PubMed
      • Importing from Web of Science
  • Searching for References
    • Developing a search strategy
      • What Makes a Good Search Stategy?
      • Choosing Search Terms
      • Choosing Online Resources
      • Special Case: Patent Searches
    • Searching from within Citavi
      • Simple and Advanced search
        • Performing a Simple Online Search
        • Advanced online search
      • Searching Freely Available Information Resources
      • Searching Subscription Databases
      • Searching in IEEE from within Citavi
      • Searching Multiple Online Resources
      • Saving and Running Searches
      • Reviewing Search Results
    • Searching Online Resources
      • Importing References in a Standard Format
      • Importing References in a Nonstandard Format
      • Importing with Pickers
    • Working with Citavi Pickers
      • Browser Pickers
        • What are the Citavi Pickers?
          • Importing with the Hunter
          • Finding Bibliographic Information by ISBN or DOI
          • Adding Webpage Metadata
        • Adding an Internet Document
        • Copying Texts with a URL
        • Adding a Quotation
        • Saving Images
        • Finding Bibliographic Information by ISBN or DOI
        • Enabling or Disabling the Citavi Icon
        • Importing Search Results with a Click
        • Importing from juris
      • Picker for Adobe Reader and Acrobat
        • Adding PDF Files
        • Saving Text as a Quotation
        • Saving Images
    • Viewing the Source of a Reference or an Import
      • Determining a Reference's Source
      • Selecting All References from an Online Search
    • Staying Up-to-Date with RSS Feeds
      • Subscribing to a News Feed
      • Subscribing to a Search Alert Feed
      • Using RSS Feeds
  • Editing References
    • Editing or Deleting References
    • Update references from an excel file
    • Verifying Bibliographic Information
    • Reassigning Contributions
    • Eliminating Duplicates
    • Adding Cover Art
    • Checking the Accuracy of References
    • Linking Files to References
      • Selecting a Location for Attachments
      • Linking a File to a Reference
      • Adding an Internet Address to a Reference
      • Recognizing the Location of a Linked File
      • Opening Attached Files
      • Moving Linked Files
      • Exporting Attached Files
      • Deleting a Link
    • Renaming PDF files
      • Automatically Renaming Files When Adding References
      • Automatically Renaming Files Already Attached to References
      • Manually Renaming Files
    • Using Labels
    • Creating a Table of Contents
    • Applying keywords
      • Applying Keywords to a Reference
      • Adding Keywords from a PDF
      • Applying Keywords to Multiple References
      • Adding and Applying Keywords in the Keywords Dialog
      • Managing Your Keyword List
    • Go through bibliography
    • Recording Locations
    • Adding Notes
    • Search and Replace
  • Sorting References
    • Changing the Sort Order for a List of References
    • Sorting in Table View
    • Adding, Removing, and Changing the Order of Columns
    • Grouping References
  • Grouping References or Knowledge Items
    • Creating Groups
    • Assigning Groups
    • Removing Items from a Group
    • Deleting groups
    • Merging Groups
  • Searching and Selecting
    • Switching to a Known Reference
    • Viewing Recently Added References
    • Viewing Changes
    • Quick Select (Filters)
    • Quick Search
    • Advanced Search within a Project
      • Searching with Regular Expressions
      • Searching with Wildcards
      • Searching with Comparison Operators
      • Searching with Operators: AND, OR, NOT
      • Using Field Codes
      • Defining equivalent characters
      • Managing the Number of Search Results
    • Actions After a Search
    • Saving Searches
    • Searching Inside Files
  • Exporting References
    • Exporting to Another Citavi Project
    • Copying References to the Clipboard
    • Exporting to NVivo
    • Exporting to RIS
    • Exporting to BibTeX
    • Exporting to EndNote
    • Exporting to Excel
    • Exporting to Zip
    • Saving Export Presets
  • Obtaining Materials
    • Locating Books
    • Checking Availability
    • Finding Full-Text Articles
  • Planning Tasks
    • Adding Tasks
    • Creating Your Own Tasks
    • Adding Text-Related Tasks
    • Adding a Project Task
    • Assigning Tasks
    • Viewing Tasks
    • Printing Task Lists
    • Tracking Your Progress
  • Retaining and Organizing Knowledge
    • Writing Abstracts and Comments
      • Creating and Saving Abstracts
      • Evaluating a Reference
      • Documenting Relationships
    • Annotating Texts
      • Selecting Text
      • Highlight Only (Yellow Highlights)
      • Highlighting with Main Idea (Red Highlights)
      • Adding Direct Quotations (Blue Highlights)
      • Adding Indirect Quotations (Purple Highlights)
      • Adding Summaries (Green Highlights)
      • Adding Comments (Orange Highlights)
      • Adding Tasks (Turquoise Highlights)
      • Excerpting Image Quotations
      • Viewing Linked Sections of a PDF
      • Understanding Layers
      • Importing PDF Annotations
      • Exporting PDF Annotations
      • Annotation Troubleshooting
    • Adding Thoughts and Quotations
      • Basic Principles of Citation
      • Quoting a Text Passage
      • Editing a Quotation
      • Adding Secondary Quotations
      • Working with Summaries
      • Adding Thoughts
      • Quickly Adding Printed Text
      • Inserting Tables
      • Inserting Images
    • Outlining with Keywords and Categories
      • Applying keywords
      • Assigning Categories
        • Creating Categories
        • Assigning Categories
        • Importing and Exporting Categories
        • Working with Mind Mapping Software
    • Organizing and Printing Quotations and Thoughts
      • Organizing Quotations and Thoughts Manually
      • Sorting Quotations and Thoughts Automatically
      • Printing Quotations for One Reference
      • Printing a Compilation of Quotations and Thoughts
      • Citing quickly
  • Creating Publications
    • Creating a Project Bibliography
      • Types of Bibliographies
      • Creating a Simple Project Bibliography
      • Creating a Grouped Project Bibliography
      • Creating an Annotated Project Bibliography
    • Creating Grouped Bibliographies
      • Creating a New Grouping
      • Example Groupings
      • Downloading a Grouping Definition
      • Inserting Additional Headings
      • Switching or Deleting Groupings
      • Sharing Grouping Definitions
      • Show Groupings in the Table of Contents
    • Creating Publications with Word
      • Installing the Add-In for Word
      • Exploring the Add-In for Word
      • Creating Publications
        • Important Information
          • Don't Manually Change Citavi Fields
          • Don’t Abbreviate Page Numbers with "f." or "ff."
          • Don't Insert Citavi Fields in Frames 
          • Don't Insert Citavi Fields in Text Boxes 
          • Don't Use the "No Markup" Option in Track Changes
          • Don't Mark Text as "Hidden" in Word
          • Don't Save in ODT Format
        • Assigning a Project to a Document
        • Selecting a Citation Style
        • Inserting Categories
        • Inserting Categories and Quotations
        • Inserting references
        • Restoring References
        • Reassigning References
        • Creating Multiple Citations
        • Editing Multiple Citations
        • Inserting Knowledge Items
        • Insert Advanced
          • Inserting References with Options
          • Inserting Knowledge Items with Options
        • "Ibid." and "Cf."
        • Working with Master Documents
        • Changing the Position of Citations
        • Linking In-Text Citations to the Bibliography
        • Moving a Bibliography
        • Chapter Bibliographies
          • Creating a New Chapter Bibliography
          • Renaming a Chapter Bibliography
          • Deleting a Chapter Bibliography
          • Creating a Document Bibliography
        • Formatting a Bibliography
        • Using Endnotes
      • Editing Citations
      • Optional Settings
      • Converting Fields
        • Converting EndNote, RefMan, or RefWorks Fields to Citavi Fields
        • Converting Citavi Fields to Static Text
        • Copying References into another Project
      • Backups for Word Documents
      • Disabling the Add-In for Word
      • Moving the Citavi Pane
      • Word Add-In Troubleshooting
      • Word Add-In Installation Problems
        • Ending a Running Word Process
        • Uninstalling an Outdated Word version
        • Uninstalling the Word App from the Microsoft Store
      • Proofreading Tips
    • Creating a Publication with TeX
      • Generating BibTeX Keys
      • Generating a BibTeX File
      • Creating a Custom Export Definition
      • Selecting a Bibliography Style
  • Collaborating in a Team
    • Overview of Team Features
    • Team Conflict Management
    • Collaborating in a Team with Citavi for Windows
      • About Citavi for Windows
      • Collaborating in a Team on a Network Drive
      • Upgrading Citavi 5 for Windows Team Projects
      • Collaborating in a Team in the Cloud
    • Collaborating in a Team with Citavi for DBServer
      • What is Citavi for DBServer?
      • Technical Requirements
      • Setup Instructions
      • Installing SQL Server Express
      • Setting up an SQL Server with Citavi DBServer Manager
      • Configuring an SQL Server Service Account
      • Using the Full Text Search
      • Checking the Full-Text Extraction
      • Installing Licenses
      • Enabling Email Notifications
      • Creating a New DBServer Project
      • Setting the Default Path for Project Attachments
      • Managing DBServer Projects
      • Managing Users
      • Viewing project users
      • Roles and Permissions
      • Creating a Connection File
      • Manually Connecting to the DBServer
      • Distributing Connection Files
      • Creating Additional Databases
      • Deleting or Renaming a Database
      • Migrating Databases
      • Setting up Database Backups
      • Upgrading from Citavi 5 DBServer to Citavi 6 DBServer
      • DBServer Troubleshooting
        • Assigning Login Permissions
        • Configuring TCP/IP
        • Configuring the Firewall
        • Mixed Mode
        • Recovering State
        • Event ID 17137
  • Using Citation Styles
    • About Citation Styles
    • Finding Citation Styles
    • Defining Citation Keys
      • Generating Citation Keys
      • Customizing Citation Key Templates
      • Exporting and Importing Citation Key Templates
    • Creating Citation Styles
      • Modifying an Existing Style
      • Create a new style
      • Sharing Citation Styles
      • Setting Citation Style Properties
      • Changing the Bibliography's Sort Order
      • Avoiding Ambiguous References
      • Choosing Reference Types
      • Creating Reference Number Styles
      • Creating Footnote Styles
      • Creating Author-Date Styles
      • Rules of Thumb
        • Components Share the Same Properties Regardless of Reference Type
        • Don't Misuse the Punctuation Fields
        • Save Templates in the Correct Order
        • Use Replacements
      • Defining Bibliography Formatting
      • Contributions
      • Names of Persons, formatting
      • Setting Date Formats
      • Editions
      • Page Numbers, formatting
      • Formatting Names of Periodicals
      • Text Elements
      • Using Special Components
      • Punctuation
      • Creating a New Component
      • Combining Elements in One Component
      • Programmable Components
      • Creating a New Template
      • Types of Template Conditions
      • Programming Custom Templates
      • Reusing Rule Sets
      • Setting Edit States
  • Customizing Citavi
    • Installing Add-Ons
      • Adding DOI Names
      • Calculating the Page Count
      • Check Links and Change Access Date
      • Convert a Citavi 6 project to Citavi 5 format
      • Correcting Author Names in All Caps
      • Display Macros
      • Exporting Attachments
      • Importing Folders as Categories
      • Importing Journal Abbreviations
      • Importing Sequence Numbers
      • Ordering Books and Articles by Email
      • Reference Counts
      • Save Table View Selection
      • Sending References by Email
      • Sorting by Parent and Child References
      • Synchronized Navigation of Categories and Keywords
      • Updating Reference Information
      • Using the Tomato Timer
    • Customizing Program Options
      • General tab
      • Folders tab
      • Search tab
      • RSS / OpenURL
      • Formatting Tab
      • Citation Tab
    • Changing Project Properties
      • Database
      • Attachments
        • Correcting Paths
      • Display names
      • Statistics
      • General tab
    • Changing the language
    • Color Coding Projects
    • Customizing the Overview Tab
    • Customizing the Reference Tab
    • Custom Fields
    • Spelling Checker
    • Using macros
    • Customizing Quick Help
    • Publishing an RSS Feed
    • Using Settings Files
      • Choosing Settings
      • Distributing Settings Files
        • Distributing settings directly with Citavi
        • Distribute settings with a download link
        • Distributing settings with Citavi for DBServer
      • Importing a Settings File
      • Settings File Validity
  • AI Features with Citavi 7
    • Find research papers using AI
    • Add key findings using AI
    • Add annotations using AI
  • Technical Information
    • Feature Overview
    • Technical Environment
    • Time Zones in Citavi
    • Citavi and SharePoint
    • Privacy Information
    • Information Security
    • Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Citavi Folder Structure
    • Options for Starting Citavi
    • Citavi Saves Automatically
    • Saving in Cloud Projects
    • Using Backups
    • Using Archived Projects
    • Teaching Citavi
    • Error Messages
      • Error C403
      • Error C404
      • Error C405
      • Error 406
      • Error 407
      • Error C408
      • Error C409
      • Error C410
      • Error C411
      • Error C412
      • Error C413
      • Error C414
      • Error C415
      • Error C416
      • Error C999
      • Error while Saving
      • Finding errors
        • Creating an Activity Log in the Word Add-In
        • Creating an Activity Log in Citavi
        • Creating a Log File for Errors when Starting Citavi
        • Creating a Log File in Citavi DBServer Manager
        • Creating a Log File in Citavi DBServer Manager upon Starting 
    • Reference Types and Fields in Citavi
      • News Agency Report
      • File
      • Archive Material
      • Contribution in Legal Commentary
      • Contributions
      • Book
      • Edited Book
      • Map
      • Court Decision
      • Statute or Regulation
      • Legal Commentary
      • Report or Gray Literature
      • Thesis
      • Audio Book
      • Radio Play (Audio Drama)
      • Internet Document
      • Interview Material
      • Manuscript
      • Music track
      • Musical Work / Music Album
      • Standard
      • Patent
      • Personal Communication
      • Press Release
      • Radio or TV Broadcast
      • Collected Works
      • Software
      • Special Issue
      • Movie
      • Conference Proceedings
      • Audio or Video Document
      • Unknown Reference Type
      • Presentation
      • Journal Article
      • Newspaper Article
    • Exporting Citavi Projects
      • Citavi to EndNote
      • Citavi to BibTeX
      • Citavi to Biblatex
    • Glossary

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